TENS

Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive modality used to help manage pain and support recovery in dogs following injury or surgery. It involves delivering low-voltage electrical currents through the skin to stimulate nerves, aiming to reduce pain perception and promote healing.

See the following link for more information on TENS:

The Effect of Electromagnetic Fields on Post-Operative Pain and Locomotor Recovery in Dogs with Acute, Severe Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disc Extrusion: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled, Prospective Clinical Trial